This points out that the desired biological activity of metallic nanomaterials and their in vivo behavior is a result of such features as size, shape or surface chemistry. When compared with spherical Au NPs, which are most widely used in drug delivery applications, gold nanoparticles with modified morphology are mostly recognized as those with an enhanced drug loading surface, improved biodistribution, higher cytotoxicity and higher cellular uptake efficiency, although some reports are equivocal in this manner. Importantly, due to highly optimized synthesis protocols, gold nanoparticles might be effectively tailored by developing nanostructures with adjustable sizes and shapes, which inherently determine their bioactivity in vivo and their intracellular fate. Accordingly, gold nanoparticles were presented as being effective for targeted drug delivery into ovarian cancer cells and overcoming chemoresistance, restoring impaired gene function or for co-administering two antineoplastic agents at the same time. Extensive surface-to-volume ratio and relatively good biocompatibility, as well as highly optimized methods for Au NPs synthesis that allow for modification of their morphological features and surface chemistries, thus facilitating effortless decoration with a spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, makes gold nanoparticles highly feasible materials for use in the design of drug delivery vehicles. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), due to their set of physicochemical, optical and electronic properties, have gained considerable interest, particularly with regard to their utility as advanced systems for cancer imaging and treatment. Particularly, multifunctional materials, whose unique physicochemical properties facilitate their employment for simultaneous drug delivery and imaging of therapy effectiveness, are of the greatest interest. One approach that can lead to an improvement in the antitumor effect of drugs is the development of carriers that allow the therapeutic agent to be delivered in an effective concentration to diseased sites without affecting normal cells. In particular, cancer cell drug resistance is largely responsible for the recurrence of the disease that is observed in up to 60–80% of patients. Considering the limitations of systemic chemotherapy that result from the significant toxicity of the antineoplastic drugs associated with the administration of the high doses that are required to achieve an appropriate concentration in the target tumor, as well as the development of an accompanied drug resistance, new methods to limit cancer drug toxicity are urgently needed. Conventional therapy of ovarian carcinoma includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy with subsequent surgical intervention. Non-specific symptoms of ovarian cancer as well as a lack of universal detection methods are responsible for the high staging of the disease in 70% of patients at the beginning of treatment, which makes their prognosis for survival very poor. Statistically, 21,410 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2021 in the United States alone and about 13,770 women will die. Ovarian cancer originating in cells on the outer surface of the ovary or in the fallopian tube epithelium is recognized as the most fatal of all gynecological tumors. These results present the possibility of employing non-spherical gold nanoparticles as an effective nanoplatform for the delivery of antineoplastics for the treatment of ovarian malignancy. Administration of CSA-131 and prevented the inflammatory response associated with cancer development. In an animal study, was characterized by delayed clearance and prolonged blood circulation when compared with free ceragenin, as well as enhanced anti-tumor efficiency, particularly when applied intratumorally. Comparative analysis revealed that exerted stronger anti-cancer effects than free ceragenin, which was determined by enhanced ability to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy processes via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathways. Serum parameters were estimated using ELISA methods. In vivo efficiency of intravenously and intratumorally administered CSA-131 and was examined using a xenograft ovarian cancer model. For the purpose of toxicity/efficiency ratio control, peanut-shaped gold nanoparticles (AuP NPs) were functionalized with a shell of ceragenin CSA-131 and the cytotoxicity of against ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells and were then analyzed. Although ceragenins show great potential as anti-cancer agents, in some tumors, effective inhibition of cancer cells proliferation requires application of ceragenins at doses within their hemolytic range. Gold nanoparticles-assisted delivery of antineoplastics into cancerous cells is presented as an effective approach for overcoming the limitations of systemic chemotherapy.
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